论行政拘留中存在的问题及其完善/陆一冰

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论行政拘留中存在的问题及其完善

陆一冰


摘要:行政拘留是一种重要的治安管理处罚,但是我国法学界对此研究并不深入。我国行政拘留制度存在很多缺陷,主要表现为忽略了行政拘留限制人身自由的特殊性、缺乏听证程序、缺乏制约机制以及救济途径不完善。这些缺点限制了我国行政拘留制度作用的发挥,也不利于保护行政相对人的权利。因此,我国行政拘留制度应该重构。本文认为,我国行政拘留制度应该强调参与原则,赋予行政相对人听证权利、强化司法审查原则以及贯彻比例原则,通过这些措施,来完善行政拘留制度,保障行政相对人的权利。
关键词:行政处罚;行政拘留;问题;完善
THE RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEMS IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION AND ITS IMPROVEMENT
ABSTRACT:Administrative is an important punishment in public security management, but few law schoolar researches it. There are many flaws in the system of anministrative detention, such as the law ignores the specility of right of freedom, and the lack of hearing procedure, the check and balance system, and so on. These drawbacks above hindhard the function of he administrative detention, and which is not good for the protection of the rights of the administrative counterpart. So the leagl system of administrative detention should be reconstructed. This paper maintains that some measures should be taken: grant the administrative counterpart the right to hearing, let the court surpovise the administrative detention, carry out the principle of proportionality. With the measures above, we can improve the lagal system of adnimistrative detention and protect the administrative conuterpart’s rights.
KEY WORD: Administrative Punishment; Administrative Detention; Problem; Improvement

绪论
行政拘留是一种重要的也是常见的行政处罚的种类。我国在《治安管理处罚法》中对此有所规定。我国法学界对于刑事拘留研究得比较深入,学者们对刑事拘留中的种种问题提出了很多观点和看法,但是对于行政拘留的研究则不是很重视,处于“被法治遗忘的角落”, 这可能是因为行政拘留时间比较短,对公民权利影响有限造成的。事实上,行政拘留是对公民基本权利的限制与剥夺,涉及到宪法权利的问题,在本质上与刑事拘留是一样的。由于学术研究的不深入以及法律规定的不完善,以及由于我国宪政体制方面的其他原因,造成了实践中行政拘留存在很多问题。
因此,我们有必要对行政拘留展开深入的研究,特别是要正视行政拘留中存在的问题,以理性的思维分析如何消除行政拘留中存在的问题,使其在治安管理中发挥应有的作用。本文正是在此前提和背景下,运用多种法学研究方法,展开对我国行政拘留制度的研究,希望对完善我国行政拘留制度,促进行政法治能够产生一些良好的推动作用。

一、行政拘留概述
(一)行政拘留的概念
行政拘留是指法定的行政机关依法对违反行政法律规范的人,在短期内限制人身自由的一种行政处罚。行政拘留是最严厉的一种行政处罚,通常适用于严重违反治安管理但不构成犯罪,而警告、罚款处罚不足以惩戒的情况。因此法律对它的设定及实施条件和程序均有严格的规定。行政拘留裁决权属于县级以上公安机关;期限一般为10日以内,较重的不超过15日;行政拘留决定宣告后,在申请复议和行政诉讼期间,被处罚的人及其亲属找到保证人或者按规定交纳保证金的,可申请行政主体暂缓执行行政拘留。
(二)行政拘留的特点
行政拘留不同于刑事拘留和司法拘留,与刑事拘留、司法拘留的适用主体、适用对象、适用目的、适用程序等诸多方面均存在很大的不同,但是这几种拘留有一点是相同的,即都是对人身自由的限制。
总体上看,行政拘留有如下特点:
1.行政拘留限制人身自由,是一种严厉的行政处罚方式,只有县级以上公安机关才有拘留裁决权。
2. 行政拘留不同于刑事拘留。前者是依照行政法律规范对违反治安管理法规的人采取的惩戒措施;后者是依照刑事诉讼法的规定而采取的临时剥夺犯罪嫌疑人的人身自由的刑事强制措施。
3. 行政拘留不同于司法拘留。后者是人民法院依照诉讼法的规定对妨害民事、行政诉讼程序的人所实施的临时剥夺其人身自由的强制措施。
4. 行政拘留不同于行政扣留。行政扣留是行政机关采取的临时限制人身自由的行政强制措施。
5. 行政拘留与拘役不同。拘役是由人民法院对触犯刑法的人判处的一种刑罚,而行政拘留并不是一种刑罚,只受到过行政拘留的人员并不会留下犯罪记录。
(三)我国法律中的行政拘留制度
我国原《治安管理处罚条例》就规定了行政拘留,《治安管理处罚法》对行政拘留作了更加详细的规定。因此,行政拘留随着《治安管理处罚条例》被《治安管理处罚法》取代,行政拘留制度也发生了一些变化。
根据现行的《治安管理处罚法》,该法第二章第十条第三项规定行政拘留是一种治安管理处罚种类,该项对行政拘留的性质作了定位,即治安管理处罚的一种。
该法第十六条规定:“有两种以上违反治安管理行为的,分别决定,合并执行。行政拘留处罚合并执行的,最长不超过二十日。”可见,治安管理处罚法对行政拘留的期限也作了严格的限制。
该法第二十一条规定:“违反治安管理行为人有下列情形之一,依照本法应当给予行政拘留处罚的,不执行行政拘留处罚:1、已满十四周岁不满十六周岁的;2、已满十六周岁不满十八周岁,初次违反治安管理的;3、七十周岁以上的;4、怀孕或者哺乳自己不满一周岁婴儿的。”该条对于适用对象作了消极性的排除规定,即对于符合某些特定情形的人员,行政拘留对其不适用,以体现人文关怀。
从整部《治安管理处罚法》来看,直接关于行政拘留制度的规定就是上述几个条文,其他都是针对某种具体的违反《治安管理处罚法》的行为能否适用行政拘留的规定。
笔者认为,行政拘留直接处分了公民的人身自由权,而人身自由权是宪法规定的一种基本权利,因此《治安管理处罚法》对行政拘留简要的规定给实践带来了很多问题。我国行政拘留制度中存在的问题在下文中作详细的论述。
二、我国行政拘留制度中存在的问题
从上文的论述来看,行政拘留作为违反治安管理的一种惩罚措施,具有必要性,这是维护社会秩序的必需,也体现了国家对轻微违法行为的否定态度。从世界各国来看,其他国家也都存在类似的制度。但是我国行政拘留制度中还存在一些不可忽视的问题,这些问题主要反映在以下几个方面:
(一)忽视了限制人身自由的特殊性
如前文所述,行政拘留限制的是公民的人身自由,而人身自由权四宪法所规定的一种基本权利。但是我国《治安管理处罚法》针对行政拘留并没有什么特殊性,该法将行政拘留与警告、罚款、吊销公安机关发放的许可证等并列,在适用程序等方面亦没有明显的区别。
笔者认为,这样的做法没有体现宪法和法律对公民基本权利的保护。忽视了人身自由权的特殊性。“在世界范围来看,由于人身自由是受宪法保护的基本权利,因此对限制人身自由措施的发动,必须经法院审查,这是各国公认的行政合法性的基本要求。换言之,任何行政机关不能自行决定采取限制公民人身自由的措施。即使在大陆法系的行政处罚法中,也没有人身自由罚。”
立法者可能考虑到我国在社会转型期违法现象比较多,因此设置了这样的处罚种类,但是立法者明显忽视了这种处罚的特殊性,进而忽略了特殊的程序设置,没有在程序上做到更为谨慎,更为严密。
(二)缺乏听证程序
既然行政拘留涉及的是公民基本权利自由权的处分,那么在适用行政拘留的过程中应该尤其谨慎,并且给予公民充分的程序性救济权利,如可以赋予行政相对人要求进行听证的权利。听证也称听取意见,指行政机关在做出影响相对人权利义务决定时,应听取相对人的意见。听证已成为当今世界各法制国家行政程序法的一项共同的、同时也是极其重要的制度。听证制度的发展顺应了现代社会立法、执法的民主化趋势,也体现了政府管理方式的不断进步。听证体现了是国家对公民意见的尊重,是一种符合宪政思想的制度设计。
我国并不是没有听证制度。我国《行政处罚法》第42条对听证程序作出了比较详细的规定,其中第3至第7款规定:听证公开进行;听证由行政机关指定的非本案调查人员主持,当事人认为主持人与本案有直接利害关系的,有权申请回避;举行听证时,调查人员提出当事人违法的事实、证据和行政处罚建议,当事人进行申辩和质证;听证应当制作笔录。《行政处罚法》规定,行政机关作出责令停产停业、吊销许可证或者执照、较大数额罚款等行政处罚时,当事人有要求举行听证的权利。
可见《行政处罚法》将行政拘留排斥在了可以要求听证的范围之外,而将一些轻微的处罚种类却规定了相对人可以要求听证,存在着本末倒置的现象。《行政处罚法》之后的《治安管理处罚法》也没有将这一缺陷弥补,《治安管理处罚法》第94条规定:公安机关作出治安管理处罚决定前,应当告知违反治安管理行为人作出治安管理处罚的事实、理由及依据,并告知其依法享有的权利。违反治安管理行为人有权陈述和申辩。公安机关必须充分听取其意见,对其所提出的事实、理由和证据,应当进行复核;如其所提出的事实、理由或者证据成立的,公安机关应当采纳。公安机关不得因违反治安管理行为人的陈述、申辩而加重处罚。
从《治安管理处罚法》第94条的规定来看,相对人享有陈述和申辩的权利,但是这并不是听证程序,仍然属于“决定与被决定的‘双方组合’”, 难以切实保护相对人的合法权利。
(三)缺乏制约机制
分权与制约,是宪政的精髓。在我国宪政体制中,虽然也强调分权与制约,但是有的国家机关享有的权力过大,其他国家机关也不能对其进行有效的制约。在公检法组成的政法系统中,显然公安机关的权限是最大的,法院、检察院对其形成的制约相当有限。这一点在行政拘留中也有所反映。
我国立法将行政拘留的决定权完全赋予了公安机关,尤其自行决定是否给予行政剧烈的处罚。当然,检察院和法院并不是完全没有参与其中,而是间接地参与其中。相对人在接受了行政拘留后可以向检察机关针对公安机关及其人员的违法失职行为提起控告,也可以向法院提起行政诉讼。但是不难看出,这种方式均属于时候监督的方式,而不是事前监督的方式。在行政拘留决定作出之前,法院和检察院并不能参与其中,其一些流程均由公安机关独自完成。
这一制度设计带来的问题是公安机关在行政拘留决定权方面的权限过大,无法得到有效的制约,自由度过大。当然立法者并没有考虑到这个问题,立法者认为公安机关能够恰当、审慎地形式自己的权利,依靠公安系统的内部监督就能秉公执法。笔者认为,这样的做法是不完善的,甚至和宪政原则是相背反的。
笔者认为,之所以立法者没有赋予法院或者检察院事前监督的权力,可能是因为立法者认为治安违法现象非常多,如果每一起和行政拘留有关的案件均要求法院或者检察院逐一审查、批准,必将损害公安机关的行政效力,因此就直接保留事后监督的权力,而不再赋予检察院和法院事前监督的权力。笔者认为,这样的做法是有待商榷的。法的价值有很多种,如公平、自由、效率等等,法的不同价值难免会发生一些冲突,立法者应该对此加以平衡,而不能过度肯定法的某一价值,而否定了法的其他价值。公安机关的行政效率固然重要,但是其适用法律是否正确,惩罚手段是否适当,处理结果是否公平,也都是必须被考虑的因素。
(四)救济途径不完善
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SECURITIES AND FUTURES COMMISSION ORDINANCE ——附加英文版

Hong Kong


SECURITIES AND FUTURES COMMISSION ORDINANCE
 (CHAPTER 24)
 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
  
  ion
  I    PRELIMINARY
  hort title
  nterpretation
  II    SECURITIES AND FUTURES COMMISSION
  ecurities and Futures Commission
  unctions of Commission
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  ommission may establish committees
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30 of
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  he Ordinance other than sections 27 (1) to (8), 30, 31, 32 and 
65 as
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relate
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  y 1989 L. N. 126 of 1989
  remaining provisions: 1 August 1989] L. N. 230 of 1989
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  hort title
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87 of
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  ding in commodity futures contracts" has the meaning assigned to
it by
  ion 2 (1) of the Commodities Trading Ordinance (Cap. 250);
  bunal" means a tribunal appointed under section 20;
  fied Exchange" has the meaning assigned to it by section 2 (1)
of the
  k Exchanges Unification Ordinance (Cap. 361).
 PART II SECURITIES AND FUTURES COMMISSION
  
  ecurities and Futures Commission
  There is hereby established a body to be known as the Securities 
and
  res Commission.
  The Commission shall be a body corporate with power to sue 
and be
  . (3) The receipts of the Commission shall not be subject to
taxation
  r the Inland Revenue Ordinance (Cap. 112).
  (a) The Commission shall provide itself with a seal.
  The seal of the Commission shall be authenticated by the signature 
of
  chairman or deputy chairman of the Commission or, if both the
chairman
  deputy chairman of the Commission are absent from Hong Kong or 
unable
  ct, the signature of some other director of the Commission 
authorized
  t to act in that behalf.
  
  unctions of Commission
  The Commission shall have the following functions--
  to advise the Financial Secretary on all matters 
relating to
  rities, futures contracts and property investment arrangements;
  without prejudice to any duties imposed or powers conferred 
on any
  r person in regard to the enforcement of the law 
relating to
  rities, futures contracts and property investment arrangements,
to be
  onsible for ensuring that the provisions of the relevant 
Ordinances,
  the provisions of any other Ordinance so far as they 
relate to
  rities, futures contracts and property investment 
arrangements, are
  lied with;
  to report to the Financial Secretary the occurrence of any dealing 
in
  tion to securities which it reasonably believes or suspects to 
be an
  der dealing within the meaning of section 9 of the Securities
(Insider
  ing) Ordinance (Cap. 395); (Amended 62 of 1990 s. 42)
  to be responsible for supervising and monitoring the activities
of the
  ange Companies and clearing houses;
  to take all reasonable steps to safeguard the interests of 
persons
  ing in securities or trading in futures contracts or entering 
into
  erty investment arrangements;
  to promote and encourage proper conduct amongst members 
of the
  ange Companies and clearing houses, and other registered persons;
  to suppress illegal, dishonourable and improper practices in 
dealing
  ecurities, trading in futures contracts, entering into 
property
  stment arrangements, and the provision of investment advice or 
other
  ices relating to securities, futures contracts and property
investment
  ngements;
  to promote and maintain the integrity of registered 
persons and
  urage the promulgation by registered persons of balanced and 
informed
  ce to their clients and to the public generally;
  to consider and suggest reforms of the law relating to 
securities,
  res contracts and property investment arrangements;
  to encourage the development of securities and futures markets
in Hong
  and the increased use of such markets by investors in Hong Kong 
and
  where; (k) to promote and develop self-regulation by market
bodies in
  securities and futures industries;
  subject to the provisions of this Ordinance, to co-operate with 
and
  st authorities or regulatory organizations, in Hong Kong or
elsewhere,
  are concerned with securities and futures, or with banking,
insurance
  ther financial services or with the affairs of corporations;
(Added 67
  991 s. 2)
  to perform any other functions conferred by or under 
any other
  nance.
  As regards any function, the Commission may, for the 
guidance of
  stered persons and others, prepare and cause to be published in 
the
  tte guidelines indicating the manner in which, in the absence of 
any
  icular consideration or circumstance, it proposes to 
perform the
  tion.
  The Commission may from time to time engage such 
consultants or
  sers as it may consider necessary to assist the Commission 
in the
  ormance of its functions. (4) Nothing in subsection (1) (k)
shall be
  rded as limiting or otherwise affecting any other function 
of the
  ission.
  
  onstitution of Commission
  Subject to subsection (2), the Commission shall consist of a 
chairman
  inted by the Governor and such uneven number, not being less than 
7,
  ther directors so appointed as the Governor may determine; and 
when
  number of such other directors ceases to be an uneven 
number the
  rnor shall make such appointment or appointments as may be 
necessary
  omply with this subsection.
  Half of the directors of the Commission, including the chairman,
shall
  ppointed to be executive directors and the remainder 
shall be
  inted to be non-executive directors.
  The Governor may appoint an executive director to be deputy 
chairman
  he Commission.
  (a) If no appointment has been made under subsection (3) or if 
the
  ce of deputy chairman of the Commission is vacant, the 
Financial
  etary may designate an executive director to act as chairman of 
the
  ission during any period during which the chairman of the 
Commission
  nable to act as chairman due to illness or other incapacity 
or is
  nt from Hong Kong.
  A designation under this subsection shall cease when revoked 
by the
  ncial Secretary or an appointment is made under 
subsection (3),
  hever first occurs. (5) The terms and conditions of office 
of a
  ctor of the Commission shall be such as the Governor may
determine.
  A director of the Commission may at any time resign his 
office by
  er sent to the Governor.
  A director of the Commission shall be paid by the Commission 
such
  neration, allowances or expenses as the Governor may determine.
  The Governor may by notice in writing remove from office any 
director
  he Commission whose removal appears to him to be desirable 
for the
  ctive performance by the Commission of its functions.
  Meetings of the Commission shall be held as often as may be 
necessary
  the performance of its functions, and may be convened by the 
chairman
  he deputy chairman or any 2 other directors.
  If the office of chairman of the Commission is vacant or the
chairman
  he Commission is unable to act as chairman due to illness or 
other
  pacity or is absent from Hong Kong the deputy chairman or an
executive
  ctor designated under subsection (4) shall act as chairman 
in his
  e.
  At a meeting of the Commission--
  the chairman shall be chairman of the meeting; or
  if the chairman is not present, the deputy chairman shall be 
chairman
  he meeting; or
  if neither the chairman nor the deputy chairman is 
present, the
  ctors present shall choose one of their number to be chairman of 
the
  ing.
  The quorum for a meeting of the Commission shall be 4 directors 
of
  2 shall be executive directors and 2 shall be non-
executive
  ctors.
  Each director of the Commission present at a meeting thereof 
shall
  a vote. (14) (a) Every question for decision at a meeting of 
the
  ission shall be determined by a majority of votes of the 
directors
  ent and, in the event that voting is equally divided, 
subject to
  graph (b) the chairman of the meeting shall have a casting vote. 
(b)
  chairman of a meeting shall not exercise a casting vote until
after he
  consulted the Financial Secretary as regards that exercise.
  The Commission may act notwithstanding a vacancy among its
directors.
  The Commission shall organize and regulate its 
administration,
  edure and business.
  
  ommission may establish committees
  The Commission may establish standing or special committees 
and may
  r or assign to any such committee any matter for 
consideration,
  iry or management by the committee.
  The Commission may appoint any person to be a member of any 
committee
  blished under this section, whether that person is a director of 
the
  ission or not. (3) Any reference or assignment under 
subsection (1)
  every appointment under subsection (2) may be withdrawn or
revoked by
  Commission at any time, and no such reference or assignment 
shall
  ent the performance by the Commission of any of its functions.
  A committee established under this section may elect any 
of its
  ers to be chairman and may regulate its own procedure and 
business;
  in the exercise of its powers under this subsection such 
committee
  l be subject to and act in accordance with any direction given
to the
  ittee by the Commission for the purposes of this subsection.
  Meetings of a committee established under this section shall be 
held
  uch times and places as the chairman of that committee may,
subject to
  ection (4), determine.
  taff of Commission
  The Commission may from time to time employ persons who shall be 
paid
  remuneration and allowances and shall hold their employment on 
such
  r terms and conditions as the Commission shall determine.
  The Commission may make arrangements for or in respect 
of the
  ision and maintenance of such schemes (whether contributory or 
not)
  the payment to its employees and their dependants of such 

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结合主题实践活动
加强检察机关党员队伍建设

广东省五华县检察院党组书记、检察长 梁振悦

按照省委的部署,今年在县以上机关开展“三服务一促进”(即服务基层、服务群众、服务大局,促进社会和谐)主题实践活动。这次主题实践活动,是“排头兵”实践活动的延伸和深化。检察机关是国家法律监督机关,在新形势下要实现检察工作又好又快发展的目标,笔者认为,要以“三服务一促进”主题实践活动为契机,坚持实事求是的工作作风,发扬务实创新的工作精神,立足以人为本,树立“六种意识” ,加强检察机关党员队伍的建设。
一是要自觉树立党员意识,始终做到立场坚定、对党忠诚。树立党员意识,就是要牢记自己的党员身份,牢记党员的责任,始终站在党的立场上,坚定不移地维护党的利益。任何时候任何情况下都要确保在理想信念上不含糊、不动摇,时时处处把共产党员的先进性体现出来。首先要深刻认识共产党员的使命,进一步增强事业心和责任感。正确运用人民赋予的权力,把权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点,把人民群众的根本利益放在首位,保持公仆本色,以实际行动实践党的宗旨。其次要爱岗敬业,勤奋学习,开拓进取,埋头苦干,努力创造一流的业绩,为群众作出表率。检察机关的每一位党员都要做学习的模范、工作的模范,认真落实院党组的各项工作决定,认真做好院党组部署的各项活动,干一行、爱一行、专一行、精一行。再次,想问题办事情都要从党和国家、人民的利益出发,要顾全大局,甘于吃亏,先公后私,公而忘私,吃苦在前,享受在后,克己奉公,无私奉献,甘做铺路石,不管处于什么位置,都应当为党的事业恪尽职守,不求索取,但求奉献。
二是要自觉树立学习意识,始终做到勤奋好学、业精技强。检察工作要实现又好又快发展,关键在于提高队伍的素质。因此,全体党员要在学习方面培养自觉性,不断给自己“充电”。少交际,多读书,树立终身学习的理念,自觉把学习作为一种兴趣和精神需求,坚持理论联系实际的优良学风,达到学以致用要结合主题实践活动,大兴学习之风,营造学习气氛,推进学习型检察院、学习型科室和学习型检察官建设。要本着缺什么、补什么的原则,苦练基本功,把学习的体会和成果转化为谋划工作的思路、促进工作的措施、驾驭工作的本领,不断提高个人综合素质。学习远非仅仅事关个人,而是事关整个社会和国家,是关系到我们国家能否兴旺发达和中华民族能否永葆活力,关系到检察机关能否真正担负起法律监督重任的大事。因此,检察机关的全体党员都要珍惜每次集中学习提高的大好机遇,真心实意地学,下苦功夫学,求真务实地学,真正学懂弄通,在真学、真懂、真信、真用上下功夫,切实把学习作为一项份内工作看待,养成自觉学习的良好习惯。
  三是要自觉树立实干意识,始终做到求真务实、注重实效。检察机关的每一位党员要在各自的岗位上成为肯干事、能干事、干成事的模范。肯干事就是有干事创业的积极性。要进一步增强忧患意识、责任意识,艰苦奋斗、脚踏实地、埋头苦干,用好的作风创造出让人民满意的业绩来;能干事就是具备干事创业的能力和水平。检察工作的发展正面临一些难啃的硬骨头,涉及到一些深层次的矛盾和问题,每位党员应勇于面对现实,承担责任,在解决这些重大疑难问题中干出成绩来;干成事就是办的事有效益、有实惠。我们干事创业要务求实效。要坚持把司法为民的要求化作维护人民群众利益的具体行动,切实解决好群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题。牢固树立“崇商重企”的理念,着力为企业的发展创造良好的法治环境;重视查办侵犯群众利益的案件,对严重危害群众生命财产安全的杀人、放火、抢劫、抢夺和盗窃、毒品犯罪要依法快捕快诉;重视查办对征地拆迁、制售伪劣食品药品、坑农害农、重大安全事故和破坏资源、破坏环境的犯罪案件;重视查办损害妇女儿童、残疾人员、农民工等社会弱势群体权益的犯罪活动;重视畅通群众信访渠道,对来访群众反映诉求,做到热情、文明接待,不冷漠、不推诿,依法及时办好关系人民群众最直接、最现实的切身利益的案件。积极开展带案下访、接访、巡访活动,主动上门接待信访群众,把影响稳定的因素解决在基层,解决在萌芽状态。
四是要自觉树立创新意识,始终做到奋发有为、勇创一流。创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力,更是检察机关发挥职能的内在动力。所谓创新精神其实就是一种勇于突破已有认识和做法的意识。有了创新精神,才能有创新行为,进而才能获得创新能力。21世纪是知识经济时代,知识经济的本质就是要求创新,在这样的时代背景下,能否具有开拓创新精神,决定着检察工作的优劣和检察事业的发展。实践充分说明,许多事情不怕做不到,就怕想不到;只有敢为人先、争创一流的信念,才有敢为人先、争创一流的信念,才有敢为人先、争创一流的行动和成效。每个党员要有开拓创新、敢为人先、争创一流的精神,有不怕困难、自强不息、坚韧不拔的精神,有讲求科学、真抓实干、永不懈怠的精神,有一股不达目标不罢休的闯劲和锐气,永葆共产党人的蓬勃朝气、昂扬锐气、浩然正气。这样我们才能长期保持良好的精神状态,大力推进观念创新、理论创新、制度创新、科技创新,努力使各项检察工作体现时代性,把握规律性,富于创造性。
五是要自觉树立节俭意识,始终做到艰苦奋斗、克勤克俭。古人云“享乐销骨,安逸铄志”“历贤前贤国与家,成由勤俭败由奢。”充分昭示了中华民族世代相传的艰苦创业精神。艰苦奋斗是我们党的传家宝,是共产党员的政治本色。1949年3月,毛泽东同志在党的七届二中全会上明确了“两个务必”,即“务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄、不躁的作风,务必使同志们继续保持艰苦奋斗的作风”。胡锦涛同志在西柏坡学习考察时,再次强调“两个务必”不能丢。张德江同志在省委九届三次全会上向全省党员提出,要居安思危,力戒骄满;真抓实干,力戒空谈;修身立德,力戒浮躁;艰苦奋斗,力戒奢靡;和衷共济,力戒涣散。这“五个力戒”,把贯彻“两个务必”的要求具体化。艰苦奋斗有非常现实的意义, “涓涓细流汇成大河”,每个党员平时能够珍惜每一滴水,每一度电,日积月累,长期下去就是一个不小的数字。因此,全体党员要以院为家,时刻牢记“两个务必”,做到“五个力戒”,继续发挥艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约的精神,切实珍惜和科学使用有限的财力,坚决反对铺张浪费和大手大脚,要大力建设节约型检察院、节约型科室,反对拜金主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风。
六是要自觉树立廉政意识,始终做到秉公执法、廉洁从检。党和人民赋予了检察机关相当重要的法律监督权力。这些权力用好了,就能更好地建设社会、服务人民;用不好,就有可能破坏党和国家的形象,甚至贻害百姓。因此,每个党员必须提高自觉性,不断提高自律和自控意识,增强自我约束的能力,坚持做到“三慎”:慎初。凡事初为始,要慎重于初。检察机关的党员干部绝不能心存侥幸,存有“下不为例”的观念,要做到慎初,抗得住生活中的寂寞,抗得住物质上的清贫,抗得住酒色利诱的诱惑,抗得住不正之风的袭击,抗得住庸俗关系的腐蚀;慎微。对于党员来说,主要是慎小事、慎小节,重点是慎习惯、慎嗜好。习惯和嗜好看似小事、小节,但把握不好,可能祸及终身,小则伤身,大则丧志,重则丧命。所以对每个党员来说,小事、小节并不小,小事、小节中有政治、有方向、有形象、有人格。一个在小事、小节上过不了关的党员干部,也很难在大事、大节上过得硬;慎独。就是在无人监督而有利可图的情况下,能谨慎不苟。要培养和锻炼自己的自控能力,坚守三条防线:防微杜渐,拒腐蚀永不沾的思想防线;近钱财而不贪,近酒色而不迷的道德防线;照章办事,不因私废法的法纪防线。做到行所当行,止所当止,慎独不越轨,常思为检之德、常思贪欲之害,常怀律己之心,常排非分之想,珍惜检察职业,正确把握人生,做一名合格的共产党员。